Orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons are medical doctors (MD and DO) who specialize in the diagnosis, care, and treatment of patients with disorders of the musculoskeletal system of the foot and ankle. This includes the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles tendons, nerves, and skin. Orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons use medical, physical, and rehabilitative methods as well as surgery to treat patients of all ages. They perform reconstructive procedures, treat sports injuries, and manage and treat trauma of the foot and ankle. Orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons work with physicians of many other specialties, including medicine, pediatrics, vascular surgery, endocrinology, radiology, anesthesiology, and others.

Failure or stretching of tendons or ligaments on the medial aspect (inside) of the foot and ankle may cause gradual collapse of the arch of your foot. The tendon which is located just behind the medial malleolus (inside of ankle) is called the Posterior tibial tendon. This tendon supports the arch of your foot, and allows your foot to act as a stable base during the push-off phase of walking. Additional stretching of the tendon and medial ligaments can allow the foot to rotate externally (to the outside), causing additional issues with walking and even weight bearing

During a twisting injury to the ankle, the ligaments connecting the talus and calcaneus to the fibula can become stretched, or torn. This is a sprained ankle, one of the most common orthopaedic injuries. Most ankle sprains heal by themselves within 6 weeks. Occasionally these ligaments do not heal causing the ankle to be unstable. Symptoms may include:

• The ankle giving out when walking, or playing sports on uneven ground
• Pain with each episode
• Feeling weakness, or looseness of the ankle
• Swelling

When a person is diagnosed to have diabetes- along with diet restrictions and medicines, patient is advised to walk. No doubt diabetic patient should walk regularly but along with it, he should know what foot care needs to be taken to avoid complications resulting from Diabetes or Diabetic neuropathy. India has become the capital of Diabetes in the world. We have the largest number of diabetic people. Diabetes is a disease which can be controlled but there is no cure. Hence when it is long-standing it is associated with some of the systemic complications like- Kidney affection- nephropathy, Eye affection- retinopathy. Similarly when it affects the nerves- its called as Neuropathy and usually, it affects feet- although it may affect other body parts also. It may casuse Ulcer- wounds, Deformity- Charcot’s joints Infections, Skin and nail problems. Urgent care and Specailist opinion should be sorted.